The regulation of retinoid X receptor-mediated oxidative stress pathway in rat pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated oxidative stress pathway in rat pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury (PIRI) and the underlying mechanism. Seventy-seven male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 11): control group, sham group, sham+9-cis-retinoid acid (9-cRA, RXR agonist) group, sham+HX531 (RXR inhibitor) group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R+9-cRA group, and I/R+HX531 group. The unilateral lung I/R model was established by obstruction of left lung hilus for 30 min and reperfusion for 180 min in vivo. The rats in I/R+9-cRA and I/R+HX531 groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 9-cRA and HX531 before thoracotomy. After reperfusion, the left lung tissue was taken to evaluate the lung tissue injury, and the oxidative stress-related indexes of the lung tissue were detected by the corresponding kits. The lung tissue morphology and the ultrastructure of the alveolar epithelial cells were observed by HE staining and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The protein expression of RXR in lung tissue was observed by immunofluorescence labeling method, and the expression level of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) protein was detected by Western blot. The results showed that, compared with the sham group, the I/R group exhibited obviously injured lung tissue, decreased SOD activity, increased MDA content and MPO activity, and down-regulated expression level of Nrf2 protein. Compared with the I/R group, the I/R+9-cRA group showed alleviated lung tissue injury, increased activity of SOD, decreased MDA content and MPO activity, and up-regulated expression levels of RXR and Nrf2 protein. The above-mentioned improvement effects of 9-cRA were reversed by HX531 treatment. These results suggest that RXR activation can effectively protect the lung tissue against I/R injury, and the mechanism may involve the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway, the enhancement of antioxidant level and the reduction of oxidative stress response.

The quantitative baseline HBsAg level as a predictor for therapeutic effect among HBeAg -positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with PEG -IFN α-2b / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)on virological response in HBeAg -positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG -IFN ) α-2b. Methods The retrospective analysis compared the treatment efficacy of PEG -IFN α-2b in 55 cases of HBeAg -positive chronic hepatitis B patients with different baseline HBsAg levels.Serum HBV DNA load was measured at baseline and after 1 2,24,and 48 weeks of the therapy.Virological response was defined as HBV DNA <1 000 IU /ml.Serum HBsAg titers were quantitatively assayed at baseline,1 2 and 24 weeks.Results 1 8 patients had baseline HBsAg levels greater than 20 000 IU /ml(Group A),26 patients had baseline HBsAg levels between 1 500 and 20 000 IU /ml(Group B)and 1 1 patients had baseline HBsAg levels less than 1 500 IU /ml(Group C)after 48 weeks treatment with PEG -IFNα-2b.The achieved virological response rates of the three groups were 1 6.67%,42.31 % and 63.64% respectively with a statistically significant difference between group A and C (P <0.05).1 3 patients had HBsAg levels declined greater than 0.5 log1 0 and 30 patients had HBsAg levels declined less than 0.5 log1 0 at week 1 2 and the achieved virological response rates were 1 6.67%,46.2% and 33.3% respectively without statistically significant difference (P >0.05).1 6 patients with HBsAg <br> levels greater than 20 000 IU /ml after treatment of 24 weeks did not achieve virological response after treatment of 48 weeks.Conclusion Baseline HBsAg levels in combination with HBV DNA quantitative value may become an effective predictor for guiding optimal therapy with PEG -IFN α-2b against HBeAg -positive chronic hepatitis B.

The relationship between serum HBsAg levels and liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver inflammation and fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 301 patients who diagnosed CHB and underwent liver biopsy were enrolled into the study. Meantimes, the biochemical markers, ferritin (FERR), serum HBsAg and HBV DNA quantitation were detected. The relation between HBsAg level and liver pathology were determined by spearman rank correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of HBsAg level for liver inflammation and fibrosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The body mass index (BMI), age, gender, genotype and family history had no effective on liver inflammation and fibrosis (P < 0.05). With the progressing of inflammation and fibrosis, the serum AST and ALT raise obviously (chi2 = 71.193, 96.344, 47.847, 63.981; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000). When fibrosis reached to S4, the level of HBV DNA decreased obviously (chi2 = 33. 322; P = 0.000). With the aggravation of inflammation and fibrosis, the serum HBsAg gradually descended (chi2 = 68.173,15.719; P = 0.000, 0.000). The areas under operating characteristics curves of HBsAg predicted < or = G3 and < or = S3 were 0.732 and 0.793, and the specificity were 0.778, 0.891, and sensitivity were 0.685, and 0.633, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of HBsAg of Chinese CHB patients descended gradually with the aggravation of liver inflammation and fibrosis. The serum HBsAg had a higher specificity to predict < or = G3 and < or = S3 of CHB patients. But there had superiority of predicting fibrosis than inflammation.</p>

Three-year efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of the old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate 3-year antiviral efficacy and side effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) on the old patients with hepatitis B chronic infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>31 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infected old patients (include 8 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 23 patients with liver cirrhosis) with serum HBV DNA levels > 1000 copies/ml, and ALT > 2 times the upper limit of normal, without company with other liver diseases, cancer, renal dysfunction, and autoimmune disease. All the patients were treated with ADV orally (10 mg once daily) for 36 months. HBV DNA and biochemical and blood routine indexes were checked after treated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alamine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and load of HBV DNA decrease significantly after therapy (P < 0. 001). Other biochemical indexs and blood routine are no significant changes (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The way to treat with ADV is safe and effective for old patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.</p>

Genotypes and evolution characteristics of three patients with poor response to initial treatment of Lamivudine and Adefovir dipivoxil for hepatitis / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the genotype characteristics and its evolution of patients with poor response to initial combined treatment of Lamivudine and Adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We detected the HBV genotypes of three patients-S1, S2, S3, who with poor response to initial treatment of Lamivudine and Adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B over 12 months by the application of cloning and sequencing method at the time point of baseline,4 weeks after treatment, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 48 weeks, 60 weeks. 25 clones were randomly selected to identify and sequence at each time point.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total number of clones from 3 patients with poor response to initial combined treatment of Lamivudine and Adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B at each time point was 398. About patient S1 at baseline, genotype C accounting for 8.3%, genotype B, for 91.7%, so genotype B was in dominant (22/24). But genotype C has gradually developed to 100% after treatment for 60 weeks. About patient S2 and S3, genotype B was the only type at baseline. However type B has gradually "drift" to type C during treatment. When treatment for 60 weeks, type C has taken the absolute advantage 75% for S2, and 100% for S3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cloning and sequencing can represent the overall genotype level better. HBV genotype has performed the evolution trend that genotype has drifted from B to C during long-term drug pressure, which is the main reason for poor response to initial combined treatment of Lamivudine and Adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B.</p>

Efficacy and safety of lamivudine plus adefovir combination therapy and entecavir monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

To compare the efficacy and safety of Lamivudine (LAM) plus Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy and Entecavir (ETV) monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B patients. 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B managed in a single-centre clinical practice (median 96 weeks) were split into 2 cohorts, one was treated with de-novo combination Lamivudine (100 mg/day) plus Adefovir (10 mg/day) (LAM+ADV), the other with Entecavir (0.5 mg/day) monotherapy. Serum levels of ALT, creatinine, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV viral load, together with genotypic resistence were analyzed at 0, 12, 24, 48, 96 weeks, respectively. HBV DNA was determined by real-time PCR. HBsAg and HBeAg were assessed by chemiluminescence. Serum levels of ALT and creatinine were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. HBV genotypic resistence was tested by direct sequencing. (1) At the time point of 96 weeks, a total of 99 patients (51 cases in combination therapy cohort and 48 case in monotherapy cohort) were compared. The baseline characteristics as for HBV viral load, median age, serum levels of ALT and creatinine were compatible between combination therapy cohort and monotherapy cohort. (2) The rates of HBV DNA values is less than 300 copies/ml and HBV DNA values is less than 1000 copies/ml had no significant difference between LAM + ADV and ETV cohorts by the 12 and 24 weeks (P more than 0.05). (3) At the time point of 48 weeks, the rates of HBV DNA is less than 1000 copies/ml, HBeAg seroconversion, and ALT normalization were similar in both cohorts, though the rate of HBV DNA values is less than 300 copies/ml was obviously higher in combination therapy cohort than that of monotherapy cohort (90.7% vs 76%, P values is less than 0.05). (4) At the time point of 96 weeks, the rates of HBV DNA values is less than 300 copies/ml (96.1% vs 79.2%), HBV DNA values is less than 1000 copies/ml (98% vs 87.5%) and the HBeAg seroconversion (41.7% vs 16.7%) were markedly higher in combination therapy cohort than those of monotherapy cohort statistically (P values is less than 0.05 for all). The mean values of decreases for HBV viral loads and HBsAg levels were smilar in both cohorts at 48 and 96 weeks. (5) Elevated serum creatinine not be found in both cohorts at the end of treatment. (6) No virological breakthrough occurred in combination therapy cohort at the end of treatment. Four patients in monotherapy cohort were found with virological breakthrough at 96 weeks and three cases among were confirmed to be of variants associated with ETV resistance (rtL180M + T184L + M204V). Present study suggests that Lamivudine plus Adefovir dipivoxil de-novo combination therapy was more efficacious than Entecavir monotherapy for CHB patients and the tolerance is compatible.

Determination of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR-microarray in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the significance of determining ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR combined with microarray (PCR-microarray) in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ascitic bacterial 16SrRNA was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR-microarray in 76 cases of suspected SBP and 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases. The results were compared with ascitic bacterial culture simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 76 ascitic samples, 17 were detected bacteria positive by PCR-microarray, including 8 Grams positive(G+) and 9 Grams negative(G-), which was higher than that by bacterial culture which had only 6 ascitic samples detected positive (all G-); the positive rates were 22.4% vs 7.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The bacterial strains detected by both methods in 6 cases had a consistency with each other. No bacteria were detected in another 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Determination of ascitic bacteria 16S rRNA by PCR-microarray has a higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of SBP as compared with the bacteria culture. Application of this novel method can not only accelerate SBP diagnosis but also stratify the different pathogens.</p>

The clinical epidemiology characteristics of HFMD in 2010 of Hangzhou / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze clinical epidemiology characteristics of HFMD in children from April 2010 to October in Hangzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1848 HFMD hospital patients are admitted to clinical epidemiological analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Onset ages of HFMD primarily under 3 years, boys more than girls, social above diasporas, rural above town. The highest peak in 5-7 months. Mostly clinical symptoms are mild, the prognosis is good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HFMD has obvious susceptible population and susceptibility season. Increase health interventions to susceptible regions and the crowd in popular season, early detection, active therapy, most prognosis is good.</p>

P53 expression in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis B and its influencing factors / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe p53 expression in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis B and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>17 cases HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients and 31 cases HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients were divided into 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients were older, mostly male and HBV DNA lower. These three indicators between two groups patients appeared statistical difference. Serum markers were no statistical difference between two groups patients except Glo. (2) Pathological inflammation and fibrosis Staging were no statistical difference between two groups patients. p53 expression positive rate and p53 expression semi-quantitative scoring in liver tissue were no statistical difference between the two groups. (3) Logistic regression analysis showed that only liver fibrosis staging (S) is a risk factor for p53 expression. Compared with the S0-1, p53 expression increased by 3.9 times the rate of positive in S > or = 2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liver fibrosis staging in patients with chronic hepatitis B is a risk factor for p53 positive expression in liver.</p>

The effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaf during the formation of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaf (EGb) during the formation of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>99 HBV transgenic mice were randomly divided into control group, high-dose group, low-dose group. High-dose group and low-dose group were intraperitoneal injected 35mg/(kg x d) and 17.5 mg/(kg x d) of the shuxuening injection. Control group without special treatment. The serological markers and immunohistochemical markers in liver tissue will be done at the first 12 months and 18 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) HBV transgenic mice can be found HCC at the 18 months. The incidence of HCC was lower in high-dose group and low-dose group, there was statistically different among the three groups. (2) The semi-quantitative scoring of liver HBx expression was highest in the control group at the 12 months. The semi-quantitative scoring of liver HBx, p53 and Bcl-2 expression was highest in the control group at the 18 months. They all appeared statistically different among the three groups. (3) Spearman correlation analysis showed that HCC incidence and liver tissue HBx, p53, Bcl-2 expression was a certain degree of positive correlation, r was 0.536, 0.487 and 0.403, P < 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EGb can reduced the incidence of the HCC with HBV transgenic mice. The reason may be that the EGb can reduce liver HBx, p53, Bcl-2 protein expression in the HBV transgenic mice.</p>

To investigate the relationship of alcohol intake and hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis B virus infection / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of alcohol intake and hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with hepatitis B virus infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 553 patients with HCC and 160 control subjects affected with hepatitis B virus were recruited. Serum virology, serum biochemistry, as well as demographic information were studied. Finally, risk factors were selected by stepwise Logistic regression analyse. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for each risk factor. According to alcohol intake, HCC patients were divided into three groups,then to observe the differences between them.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Elevated AST, GGT, ALP and AFP levels were seen more frequently in the HCC case groups compared to control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that heavy alcohol use, smoking, positive family history of liver cancer is associated with HCC development among patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Significantly increased risk was found among patients for heavy alcohol use [A = 2.66 (2.01-3.50)] and for smoking [A = 2.51 (1.66-3.80)] and for positive family history of liver cancer [A = 1.64 (1.04-2.59)]. Compared to patients who did not have alcohol use, elevated GGT and ALP were seen more frequently in patients who had alcohol use either mild or heavy (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Heavy alcohol use, smoking, positive family history of liver cancer is positive correlation with HCC development among patients with hepatitis B virus infection in China. In patients with hepatitis B virus infection who also has history of heavy alcohol, the most risk factor of HCC is hepatitis B virus infection, not alcohol.</p>

Determination of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene in the rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination in the rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>16S rRNA gene from bacterial DNA in ascites was determined by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 76 patients with suspected SBP and 6 patients with non-infectious ascites. The results were compared with those obtained from bacterial culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of SBP was 22.4% among patients detected with ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR, which was significantly higher than that (7.9%) in patients only received bacterial culture (P<0.05). In addition,in 6 patients with non-infectious ascites,both the 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR and bacterial culture showed negative results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR can be an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of SBP. It is more sensitive than the bacterial culture.</p>

Clinical application studies on AFP-L3 detected by micro-spin column method / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in the differentiation diagnosis between benign and malignant liver diseases, as well as the early warning of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Alpha-fetoprotein variants from 300 patients with liver diseases were isolated with micro-spin column equipped lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA). The AFP and AFP-L3 were detected by the electrochemical luminescence (ECL) method, and the proportions of AFP-L3 were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of AFP-L3 of HCC patients and chronic liver disease patients were 95% and 64% respectively, there were significant difference in two groups (chi2 = 134.72, P < 0.01), the HCC incidence rates of AFP-L3 positive and negative chronic liver disease patients showed significant difference (chi2 = 80.158, P < 0.01). there were no correlations between the proportion of AFP-L3 and AFP consistency(r = 0.046, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The detection of AFP-L3 by micro-spin column assay show great clinical value in the differentiation diagnosis of benign and malignant liver diseases, as well as the early warning of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>

The expression of CD95 and activated antigens in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of CD95 and special marker for activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunofluorescent two-color flow cytometry was used to study the expression of CD95 and HLA-DR on lymphocytes in 58 patients with HFMD and 34 normal controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of CD3+ T cells was significantly lower in patients (63.82 +/- 7.74)% than that in controls (P < 0.001), meanwhile the expression of CD4+ T cells was (34.29 +/- 7.33)%, significantly lower than that of the controls (P < 0.005). The percentage of lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR in patients was (23.77 +/- 5.78)%, significantly higher than that of the controls (P < 0.005). Significant difference was observed in the expression of HLA- DR on CD8+ T cells in patients (1.34 +/- 1.12)% as compared with controls (P < 0.005). No significant difference in the expression of CD95 on lymphocytes was observed between patients and the controls (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings support that cellular immunodeficiency exists in patients and that lymphocytes were abnormally activated in the patients. The activation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients mainly involves CD8 subset and it may play an important role in the immune response to antiviral infection.</p>

Study on the changes of the T-lymphocyte subsets and their significance in influenza A (H1N1) virus patients / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of T-Lymphocyte and activated T-Lymphocyte subsets in influenza A (H1N1) virus patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The percentages of the subsets of Lymphocyte were detected by flow cytometry in influenza A (H1N1) virus patients (n = 144) and normal controls (n = 41). Furthermore, the subsets of T-Lymphocyte and activated T-lymphocyte were analyzed in 83 among those patients before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the counts of Lymphocyte in patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus was significantly discreased, the counts of Lymphocyte in patients with influenza A virus concurrent pneumonia was significantly discreased those of no concurrent pneumonia; Compared with the control group, the percentage of T-lymphocyte in patients with influenza A virus concurrent pneumonia was significantly discreased. The counts and percentage of CD3 and CD8 cells was significantly discreased in patients (n = 83) before treatment; The counts of CD4 cells was significantly discreased before treatment. The percentage of HLA-DR+ CD+, HLA-DR+ CD4+ and HLA-DR+ CD8+ cells was significantly discreased in patients (n = 83) before treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>To understand the expression of the T-Lymphocyte and activated T-Lymphocyte subsets in influenza A (H1N1) virus patients may help to evaluate the patients' cellular immune status, but also be a guideline of early diagnosis of Influenza A (H1N1) virus.</p>

Analysis of 96 cases with novel H1N1 influenza A / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 96 cases with novel H1N1 influenza A, and improve the diagnosis and treatment level of novel H1N1 influenza A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>96 cases of novel H1N1 influenza A admitted to the isolation wards from Oct 20 to Sep 23, 2009 were studied. Their epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the 96 patients was 26.52 +/- 10.62 years (range, 5 to 60 years). Sixty-four of the 96 patients had a close contact with novel H1N1 influenza A patients. The main symptoms included fever 100%, cough 86.4% , sore throat 66.6% and myalgia 32.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical presentation of novel H1N1 infection is largely indistinguishable from that of seasonal influenza. Combines both a symptom complex with the epidemiological investigation and laboratory characteristics can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of novel H1N1 influenza A.</p>

Clinical and histological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and histological features in Chinese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>108 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled in this study. Clinical, demographic, and biochemical data were compared between NAFLD patients with abnormal ALT and those with normal ALT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and cirrhosis were diagnosed in 49 (45.4%), 57(52.7%) and 2 (1.9%) patients, respectively. ALT and AST levels of NASH group were higher than those of simple fatty liver group (t = 2.55, 3.13; P = 0.01, 0.00). Fifty of the 77 patients (64.9%) with abnormal ALT levels were diagnosed as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and twenty-six were diagnosed as simple fatty liver, according to liver histology. Among the 31 patients with normal ALT levels, nine (29%) had NASH and twenty-two had simple fatty liver (P = 0.00). The patients with normal ALT had lower necroinflammatory grade than patients with abnormal ALT (x2 = 10.30, P = 0.01), but they had similar degree of steatosis and fibrosis (x2 = 5.52, 6.12; P = 0.12, 0.01). AST, g-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and systolic blood pressure of patients with normal ALT were all lower than those of patients with abnormal ALT (t = 5.91, 2.00, 2.30, 2.10, 3.14, 2.43; P = 0.00, 0.05, 0.02, 0.04, 0.00, 0.02), while spleen thickness and AST/ALT ratio in patients with normal ALT were higher than those with abnormal ALT significantly (t = 3.70, 2.95; P = 0.00, 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that ALT (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.06-7.3, P = 0.04) was the only independent predictor of NASH, and ALT had low accuracy in predicting NASH, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves of ALT to predict NASH was 0.69 (95% CI 0.59-0.8, P = 0.00).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NAFLD patients have higher ALT level, and elevated serum level of ALT is independent predictor of the degree of inflammation, but not of steatosis and fibrosis.</p>

Detection of peripheral blood HBV-LHBs transactivation function and its relationship with anti-viral efficacy / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Explore the serum of patients with CHB of HBV large envelope protein (HBV-LHBs) trans-activation function and antiviral therapy effect relationship.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 cases of anti-viral treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B to take every 3 months HBVDNA, HBV-LHBs, as well as detection of hepatitis B immune markers to observe the changes in indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Income group 60 cases of anti-virus group HBVDNA with HBV-LHBs have a higher detection rate of the consistency of the results found no statistical significance (P > 0.05), HBV-LHBs-positive rate and positive rate of HBeAg differences (chi2 = 4.08, P < 0.05). After 24 months of antiviral therapy HBV-LHBs expression always HBVDNA in 29 cases of which occurred 24 months after the negative reaction of the 20 cases, continuous positive were seven cases of non-negative. 60 cases of patients 24 months found no HBsAg seroconversion, four cases of emergence of HBeAg seroconversion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) detection of serum HBV-LHBs to reflect the hepatitis B virus replication with HBVDNA good correlation. (2) anti-viral treatment of dynamic observation of the process of HBV-LHBs expression can predict the effectiveness of anti-viral therapy.</p>

Level of serum and liver tissue TGF-beta1 in patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the level of serum and liver tissue TGF-beta1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B, to study their relation to liver fibrosis and gain the evidence for diagnosis of liver fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The liver fibrosis grades (S0-S4) of 131 cases with chronic HBV infection were diagnosed after liver biopsy. Serum TGF-beta1 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the semiquantitative analysis was applied after detecting the expression of TGF-beta1 in liver tissue with immunohistochemistry. Their relations to liver fibrosis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum and tissue level of TGF-beta1 increased significantly with the development of fibrosis, and the same result was obtained between themselves (P < 0.01). There was very significant difference for serum level of TGF-beta1 among the groups with different fibrosis grades (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were decreased significantly comparing the Group S0 or S1 to S4 (P < 0.005). There were significant difference for serum level of TGF-beta1 among S0 and the others (P < 0.005). And there was significant difference between S1 and S3 (P < 0.005). The expression level of TGF-beta1 in liver tissue has no significant difference between group S3 and S4 (P > 0.05). However, the differences were significantly among the other comparisons (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is close relation between the level of TGF-beta1 and the different liver fibrosis grades due to chronic hepatitis B. The serum level of TGF-beta1 is a potential noninvasive maker for diagnosis of liver fibrosis.</p>

The roles of saliva testing for preventing hepatitis B virus spreading / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the significance of testing hepatitis B virus (HBV) from saliva in HBV patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBV DNA content in serum and saliva of 200 HBV patients and 20 healthy subjects were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. According to the serum level of HBV content, four groups were divided: control group A, group B negative, low virus C (1 x 10(3) - 1 x 10(5) copies/ml) and high-group D ( > 1 x 10(5) copies/ml). The relationship of serum and virus content in saliva was analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 200 HBV cases, 180 were found HBV DNA in serum with positive rate of 90.0%; while 145 were found HBV DNA in saliva with positive rate of 72.5%, and there was no significant difference (chi2 = 1.35, P > 0.05). The significant difference was observed in testing serum and saliva in Group C (100.0% vs. 38.5%; Z = 14.11, P < 0.01). In group D, there was no significant difference found either (100.0% vs. 83.8%; chi2 = 1.05, P > 0.05). Group D virus serum had a high average level of (6.63 +/- 1.55) log copies/ml virus and in the saliva had an average level of (5.21 +/- 1.85) log copies/ml; saliva had serum viral load lower than an order of magnitude average. No HBV DNA was found in serum or saliva from 20 health subjects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When the serum contains a high content of HBV DNA virus, the content of saliva HBV DNA virus should be likely high, which might pose a threat of source of infection. A precise quantitative detection of HBV DNA in saliva might be used as evaluation of the level of virus in the body copy for judgment of infection.</p>